VDAC1 and cancer: Paired t-tests indicated that VDAC1 was uniformly up-regulated in tumor tissues across all six cancer types, with a fold change of 1.25 in breast, 1.32 in colon, 1.64 in liver, 1.67 in lung, 1.91 in pancreatic, and 1.14 in thyroid cancers (Figure 1A).