Although the frequency and absolute number of peripheral CD19+ B cells did not differ between the two groups of controls (C/C and heterozygous for the C/T variant), the two groups of T1D patients (C/C and heterozygous for the C/T variant) or the four groups of healthy subjects and patients, the percentage of transitional B cells, defined as CD19+CD27−CD24hiCD38hi, was significantly increased in individuals who were heterozygous for the C/T variant (n = 36 C/C subjects, n = 19 C/T subjects) (KS-test p>0.10; unpaired t test with Welch’s correction p = 0.0046) [Figure S1A]. The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.