We therefore measured the expression of cleaved caspase-3/9 and cleaved PARP as well as pro- caspase-3/9 and PARP, and found that the expression of these apoptotic, cleaved proteins were increased significantly while the expression of pro-caspase-3/9 and PARP were decreased in NPC cells that were treated with effusanin E (Fig. 3C). Here, CASP3 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.