Our findings differ from those by Chen et al. who found that high NRP-1 levels were associated with an adverse prognosis for bladder cancer patients [31], but are consisten twith those by Younan et al. who found that higher NRP-1 levels correlated with complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients [32], suggesting that the effect of NRP-1 may be cancer type specific. This evidence concerns the gene NRP1 and urinary bladder carcinoma.