The mean expression level of miR-578 was significantly lower in patients harboring BRCA1/2 germline mutations compared to the BRCAX breast tumor group (1.18 vs 11.16, p=0.029), as was the mean level of miR-573, although this did not reach the statistical significance (0.45 vs 0.84 p=0.17). This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast neoplasm.