There was significantly increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-1β in the presence of CM generated by culture of denuded biopsies (DNB-CM) from the colon of collagenous colitis patients, compared to DNB-CM from noninflamed controls (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and collagenous colitis.