CPB was also associated with significant proteinuria at 24 hours (mean difference: +1.54 (95%CI 1.16 to 2.05) mg/mmol, p = 0.003) and an increase urine IL-18 levels (mean difference: +210.78 (95%CI 127.62 to 293.94) pg/ml, p < 0.001) a specific marker of AKI used in clinical studies. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is acute kidney injury.