Patients with SCD manifest chronic and acute activation of inflammation, as evidenced by a statistically significant and distinct rise in plasma levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and interferon gamma (IFNγ) either at steady state or during painful crisis [19]–[21]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Schnyder corneal dystrophy.