TLR4 and inflammation: We have now demonstrated the beneficial effects of NTM in two diverse models of localized lung inflammation: one induced by LPS, a potent agonist of TLR4-expressing myeloid, endothelial, and epithelial cells as documented in this study, and the second, induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a superantigenic immunotoxin, which is a robust agonist of T cell receptor-expressing cells [18].