Our study found an inverse association between deprivation and prostate cancer incidence, in agreement with some other studies [38]; this can likely be explained not only by inequalities in screening (periodic prostate-specific antigen measurement or physical examination by a urologist) related to socioeconomic strata [30], [38] but also by inequalities in exposure to risk factors, such as diet [39]. Here, KLK3 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.