TNF and infectious disease: In keeping with the evidence of a pro-inflammatory milieu in the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases in course of HIV [1], [10], [11], subjects with bone impairment showed a trend to higher spontaneous ex vivo TNF secretion and a significant IFN-γ increase release after stimulation, Given the limited number of patients enrolled and the weak statistical significance of such findings we cannot draw definitive conclusions on the role of iNKT cells in bone disease.