CD4 and HIV infectious disease: In HIV-negative cohorts, iNKT cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; recently a correlation between the loss of an anti-inflammatory subset of gut-residing CD4+ iNKT cells and systemic immune activation has been described in HIV infection [37], providing evidence for the contribution of this particular cell subset in the pathogenesis of HIV disease and non-communicable co-morbidities.