Among the 1,100 differentially expressed genes (fold-change ≥ 2) in PPARα-/- mice, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these candidate genes mainly enriched in 24 pathways, with 10 pathways important in cancer development such as pathways in cancer, MAPK, NF-κB, T cell receptor, chemokine signaling as wells as focal adhesion, adherens junction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathway molecules (P < 0.01) (Fig. 4C, S Table 1), that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle, cell adhesion/metastasis, inflammation and signal transduction in tumors. Here, PPARA is linked to cancer.