A number of primary immunodeficiencies leasing to an increased risk of infection and autoimmunity are caused by an impaired IKK–IκB axis [30] and, as IKKs are required for the IL17-dependent signalling associated with neutrophilia and pulmonary inflammation [31], and IL17 levels have been found to be higher in patients with asthma [32], it is possible that SNPs of IKBKB could lead to an increased risk of wheezing. This evidence concerns the gene IKBKB and asthma.