CCL5 and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: For example, high concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from infants with RSV bronchiolitis (54) and the production of chemokines such as CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL2 (MCP1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), and CCL5 (RANTES) has also been demonstrated (55).