The human brain- and retinal-resident microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) is an inducible, NF-kB-regulated small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) whose increased expression is associated with pro-inflammatory neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and prion disease (PrD). Here, NFKB1 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.