Hippocampal CR-positive cells were shown to be vulnerable to excitotoxic cell damage in ischaemia (Freund and Maglóczky, 1993) and in various models of epilepsy (Figure 6; Magloczky and Freund, 1993; Maglóczky and Freund, 1995; Ben-Ari and Cossart, 2000; Bouilleret et al., 2000; André et al., 2001; Domínguez et al., 2003; Slézia et al., 2004; van Vliet et al., 2004; Cobos et al., 2005; Tang et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2012; Huusko et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CALB2 and epilepsy.