In the presence of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and in sporadic cases of ALS, multiple interacting factors contribute to the neurodegenerative process, including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of the cytoskeleton/axonal transport, protein aggregation and altered glial-motor neuron cross-talk [134]. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.