The identification of 5-azacytidine as an NMD inhibitor may well be highly relevant from aclinical perspective, because this drug is already approved for the treatment of chronic diseasessuch as myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (Grynet al, 2002; Sullivanet al, 2005; Keating, 2012). The gene discussed is PLA1A; the disease is chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.