High levels of SPA, SPC, and TTF1 mRNAs were expressed in samples from group I (control group), but these levels were markedly lower by comparison in the emphysema group (group II) (95% confidence intervals, SPA, −0.23 ~ −0.17; SPC, −0.30 ~ −0.28; TTF1, −0.32 ~ −0.28; P < 0.05). The gene discussed is TTF1; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.