Over-expression of Hedgehog pathway genes such as GLI1, GLI2, GLI3FL, PTCH1 and PTCHD2 was in line with reports that Hedgehog pathway can induce ABCG2 expression [31] and it was activated in stem-like cells in EBV positive NPC [23,32]. Here, GLI3 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.