The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung cancer was a major step forward, as was the successful targeting of EGFR-mutated tumors using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs such as gefitinib or erlotinib), which enables individualized therapy in approximately 10% of patients with lung cancer [72]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung cancer.