INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, Monnier et al. reported that urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level was decreased by insulin treatment but not OAD treatment in patients with T2DM [80], suggesting that insulin therapy itself may induce an anti-oxidative effect independently of hyperglycemia or GV, and this anti-oxidative effect of insulin might have affected the results of the HEART2D trial.