After 4 months of treatment, despite similar improvement of HbA1c and 1,5-AG in both groups, a reduction in oxidative stress assessed by diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and improvement of percent flow-mediated dilatation (%FMD) were observed only in the patients treated with miglitol, accompanied by improvement of insulin resistance and lipid profile, suggesting that treatment of postprandial glucose excursion without stimulating insulin secretion may be preferable to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction through a reduction in oxidative stress. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.