PARP1 and neoplasm: This therapeutic effect of DTP3 was due to the potent and tumor-selective induction of JNK activation and apoptosis (Figures 7D and 7E; Figure S7B), as shown by the appearance of phosphorylated JNK, as early as 24 hr of the onset of treatment with DTP3, but not with PBS, followed by the appearance, starting on day 3, of caspase-3 and PARP-1 proteolysis products.