The difference in the expression of TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and TGFBR2 observed between the sides of the curve in the AIS group may be a secondary phenomenon in the scoliosis progression, reflecting an increase in the extent of fibrotic changes to the curve concavity; as TGF-βs are considered critical regulators of physiological fibrogenesis and pathological fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB3 and scoliosis.