Analysis of TGF-β responsive genes that differ in the concave and convex paravertebral muscle transcriptomes of AIS patients highlights the upregulation of genes localized in the extracellular region of the concave side of the curve (LTBP3, LTBP4, ITGB4, and ITGB5). Here, TGFB1 is linked to androgen insensitivity syndrome.