As the upregulated miRNAs were primarily found in the low-dose radiation range (0.5 Gy and 1 Gy), we performed a series of gene set enrichment analysis on their candidate target genes and mapped these miRNA-gene interactions to pathways related to the cell cycle, neurotrophin signaling, renin-angiotensin system, and pentose phosphate pathways, as well as prostate and thyroid cancers. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and thyroid gland carcinoma.