CCL4 and infection: In this context, there is a marked induction of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 after infection with SIV, as well as a systemic increase of CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL10 in humans, concurrently with viremia peak after infection with HIV [141].