APOA1 and chronic kidney disease: To date, only a few associations between SNPs in lipid metabolizing genes and CKD risk have been reported, with recent studies reporting a role for apolipoprotein L1 variants in the risk and progression of CKD in African American populations [25, 26], and associations of the apolipoprotein A1 gene (APOA1) and APOA5 with CKD risk.