Our study showed that Matsuda IR (representing mainly IR in the skeletal muscle), Adipocyte IR (representing IR in the adipose tissue), Liver IR (representing IR in the liver) and fasting plasma insulin levels significantly predicted the worsening of hyperglycemia and the conversion to type 2 diabetes, independently of the confounding factors (age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, insulin secretion and baseline glycemia). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.