Aforementioned GWAS have investigated associations of IKZF1 and ARID5B genotypes with treatment outcomes, and Linabery et al. [12] assessed interaction with age and sex demographics; however, we hypothesise that genetic variants compounded with environmental exposures and the developmental stages at which they occur, may contribute to the background of risk in childhood ALL. The gene discussed is IKZF1; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.