We have previously reported a reduced expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) and dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in homogenates of VL muscle from HF patients compared to healthy volunteers, whereas SERCA1a and ryanodine receptor (RyR1) levels were not different [15]. This evidence concerns the gene QDPR and hydrops fetalis.