To date, remarkable rates of infection have been noted in cohorts specific to two primary mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) [69] and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A deficiency [70], as well as in a single case report of a patient with multiple electron transport chain deficiencies [71], and a large cohort including patients with various primary mitochondrial disorders [72]. Here, CPT1A is linked to mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.