TNF and colorectal carcinoma: Compared to the control group, CRC patients had 3.2- to 4.4-fold higher concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (mean: 85.5 versus 21.1 pg/mL), IL-6 (mean: 159.3 versus 36.1 pg/mL), IL-8 (mean: 114.3 versus 29.8 pg/mL), and TNF-α (mean: 272.4 versus 83.6 pg/mL).