MBL2 and infection: While this is surprising, given the strong association of low MBL levels and increased risk of infection, it may be that relatively recent changes in human health care practices are associated with the increased risk, such as biofilm formation on indwelling lines and foreign materials, or nosocomial infection, factors, which are particularly applicable to hospitalized neonatal subjects in recent decades, and to which a lower percentage of the human population was exposed in previous generations.