Chronic HCV patients have more serum IL-10 than those with resolved infection, which is proposed to play a role in the induction of CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs in chronic HCV infection (Macdonald et al., 2002; Cusick et al., 2013); and CD49b, a marker for IL-10 producing Tr1 Treg cells, is lower in those who respond to viral therapy, thus suggesting a regulatory role for Tr1 Tregs too (Fabien et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and infection.