Apoptosis of podocytes was proposed as a mechanism of podocyte loss and glomerulosclerosis in TGF-β1 transgenic mice, CD2AP−/− mice and puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated rats (24–26) and it has been argued that ~90% of podocytes detected in urine are apoptotic (15). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and glomerulosclerosis.