The amount and activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) in urinary MV coming from proximal tubule cells was shown to positively correlate with progression of DN in type 2 diabetic patients (76) suggesting an early tubular impairment, which may be considered an early marker of renal damage even before the onset of albuminuria. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.