It has been shown however, that GAPDH and beta-actin genes are indeed direct targets of miR-644a in prostate cancer cell lines, demonstrating the unsuitability of GAPDH and beta-actin as internal controls in miR-644a functional studies and emphasizing the need to carefully consider the choice of a reference gene according to the specific study design [29]. The gene discussed is GAPDH; the disease is prostate cancer.