TFAP2C and seminoma: As seen for adult seminomas (Korkola et al., 2006), paediatric seminomas were enriched for genes associated with pluripotency and the undifferentiated state [e.g. NANOG, POU5F1 (OCT3/4), TFAP2C and UTF] and paediatric YSTs were associated with genes such as AFP, those involved in differentiation (KRT8, KRT19), lipid metabolism (APOA1, APOA2) and proliferation pathways (Palmer et al., 2008).