In Pima Indians, rs2070150 (P145A) and rs1135983 (S157P) are associated with type 2 diabetes and reduced insulin response to oral glucose [12]; in Caucasians and African Americans, rs4579731, rs3820449 and rs10918215 are also associated with these traits [6], [9]–[12]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.