TNF and glaucoma: TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for the induction and maintenance of the inflammatory immune responses [13] that is also upregulated in inflammatory ocular diseases, including Adamantiades-Behcet disease [14], retinal vascular tumors [15], neovascular age-related macular degeneration [16], uveitis [17], glaucoma [18] and ischemic retinopathy [19].