Among nine candidate genes, known tumor-related genes were RASSF2, RUNX3, GSTZ1, CYP2A, NDUFS1, SPOCK2, ADAM22 and TRIM36; CYP2A has been reported to be associated with ovarian cancer, and RASSF2 and RUNX3 have been reported to be associated with endometrial cancer; none of the genes has yet been associated with EMS. Here, SPOCK2 is linked to ovarian cancer.