Previous animal models and human clinical trials have reported that oral administration of RES (5 mg–5 g; Carrizzo et al. 2013, Trimmers et al. 2013) or CUR (80 mg–6 g; Fan et al. 2013, Meng et al. 2013) given as a single dose or daily for up to 12 months to diabetics is able to reduce blood glucose and improve insulin sensitivity. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.