Our results demonstrate that the kinetics of TNFα induction in response to LVS or Schu S4, like induction of miR-155 (Fig. 2C), was very low during the first 3 h after infection and then increased between 12 and 18 h (Fig. 6A), whereas the ELISA data confirm that F. tularensis-evoked cytokine secretion was very low (Fig. 6B). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.