A significant difference also was observed between the subgroups (i.e., distinct Leishmania species) analyzed: higher levels of IL-4 (P = 0.0132), IL-10 (P = 0.0085), and IL-17 (P = 0.0042) were detected in patients with infections caused by L. guyanensis than those infected with L. amazonensis (Figure 2). Here, IL4 is linked to infection.