Furthermore, several investigations reported that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), produced in the tumor microenvironment, could be a strong mediator of pancreatic cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF, MMP-2, and uPA secretion [121–123]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.