No significant differences were identified between the expression of TGF-β1 in the cytoplasm and ECM of normal ovarian tissue and benign tumors (P>0.05), however, the levels of TGF-β1 in the cytoplasm and ECM were significantly different between epithelial ovarian cancer and the corresponding normal ovarian tissue (P<0.05; Table II, Figs. 1 and 2). Here, TGFB1 is linked to benign neoplasm.