CDH1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Rosenthal et al (9) reported that TGF-β1 upregulates the expression of CAFs, while Xu et al (10) found that the TGF-β-treated SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line altered significantly, adopting a spindle-shaped morphology, with reduced expression of E-cadherin and induction of β-catenin nuclear translocation, enhancing the cell motility.