In clinical specimens (Fig. 1C), mean serum L1CAM levels in bone-metastatic prostate cancer patients (45.0±27.2 ng/ml, n=19) were significantly higher than those in patients with prostate-confined tumors (28.4±22.2 ng/ml, n=30, p<0.05) and normal controls (12.1±8.6 ng/ml, n=10, p<0.001). This evidence concerns the gene L1CAM and Familial prostate cancer.