A seven marker Bioscore consisting of BALF/blood cell expression ratio for monocyte mTREM-1 and mCD11b, BALF levels of sTREM-1, IL-8 and IL-1β, blood levels of CRP and IL-6 was shown to discriminate between VAP and non-VAP patients. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and ventilator-associated pneumonia.