TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Interestingly, two other ALS-linked RNA-binding proteins, TDP43 and hnRNP A1, also respond to hyperosmolar stress by translocating to the cytoplasm and incorporating into stress granules (Dewey et al., 2010; van der Houven van Oordt et al., 2000), suggesting that hyperosmolar stress may be an unacknowledged factor in ALS pathogenesis.