CX3CL1 and cardiovascular disorder: Based on these previous findings on the role of Fkn in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, on the proliferative effects of AngII on vascular SMCs and on the effects of N. nucifera and neferine, we hypothesized that Fkn could be involved in the AngII-induced proliferation of vascular SMCs, and that the anti-proliferative effects of neferine on the cells could be fundamentally associated with Fkn and AngII.